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GFS - Global Forecast System - Issuing body - NOAA, USA
- Version 15.1
- Outputs on 0.25° x 0.25° global lat/lon grid
- Run 4 x daily at 00/06/12/18 UTC
- Data available out to 384 hours / 16 days
GEFS - Global Ensemble Forecast System - Issuing body - NOAA, USA
- Outputs on 0.25° x 0.25° global lat/lon grid
- 30 ensemble members plus 1 control member
- Run 4 x daily at 00/06/12/18 UTC
- Data available here out
to 384 hours / 16 days
ECMWF HRES - High resolution Model - Issuing body - ECMWF, Europe
- Outputs on 0.1° x 0.1° global lat/lon grid
- Full run published 2 x daily at 00/12 UTC
- Data available out to 240 hours / 10 days
ECMWF ENS - Ensemble forecast model - Issuing body - ECMWF, Europe
- Outputs on 0.2° x 0.2° global lat/lon grid
- 50 ensemble members plus 1 control member
- Run 2 x daily at 00/12 UTC
- Data available out to
360 hours / 15 days - NB Only WMO essential timesteps and variables available on wxcharts.com at this time
UKMO Global Unified Model - Issuing body - UKMO, United Kingdom
- Run on a 10 km global grid - available here only at 2.5° x 2.5° resolution at this time
- Run 2 x daily at 00/12 UTC
- Data available for 72, 96 and
120 hour steps on wxcharts.com at this time
CMC Global Deterministic Forecast System (GDPS) - Issuing body - Canadian Meteorological Centre, Canada
- The GDPS is the CMC's operational model and is made using the Global Environmental Multiscale Model (GEM) integrated forecast
and assimilation system
- Run on a 0.15° (15 km) global grid
- Run 2 x daily at 00/12 UTC
Data available at 3hr steps for most variables out to 10 days / 240 hours
ARPEGE - Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle - Issuing body - Météo-France, France
- Developed in collaboration with ECMWF
- Outputs on 0.1° x 0.1° European lat/long grid
- European grid
ranges from 20N to 70N, 32W to 42E
- Run 4 x daily at 00/06/12/18 UTC
- 00 and 12 UTC runs have data out to 102 hours. 06 UTC run goes to 60 hours, and 18 UTC run to 72 hours.
AROME - Application of Research to Operations
at Mesoscale - Issuing body - Météo-France, France
- Highest resolution output available at 0.01° x 0.01°, approximately 1.3km
- Grid centred on France, but also includes England, Wales, Ireland, Benelux, Germany,
Alps, N Italy and N Spain
- Run 5 x daily at 00/03/06/12/18 UTC (03 UTC run not displayed on wxcharts.com)
- 00 and 12 UTC runs have data out to 42 hours. 06 and 18 UTC runs goes to 36 hours.
ICON-EU - Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Model European Nest - Issuing body - DWD, Germany
- Outputs to 0.0625° x 0.0625° European lat/lon grid with bounds 29.5N to 70.5N, 23.5W to 45E
- Run 8 x daily, available on wxcharts
for 00/06/12/18 UTC runs
- Hourly data available out to 60 hours (data to 120 hours coming soon)
NAM - North American Mesoscale forecast system - Issuing body - NOAA, USA
- 3km x 3km CONUS NEST
- Run 4 x daily at 00/06/12/18 UTC
- Data available out to 60 hours / 2.5 days
HRRR - High Resolution Rapid Refresh - Issuing body - NOAA, USA
- 3km x 3km CONUS NEST
- Run every hour (only even hours dispalyed on wxcharts.com at this time)
- Data available out to 18 hours
Gives an overview of the general weather pattern. Variables included: precipitation rate, precipitation type (snow and rain only), total cloud amount (%), 2 m temperature and MSLP.
Gives an overview of variables key for winter weather forecasting. Particular focus on precipitation types including: snow, rain graupel, and freezing rain (FrzR). Snow depth is also shown where snow accumulates.
Gives an overview of variables key for severe weather forecasting. Particular focus on CAPE (J/Kg) and Bulk Shear (kt) for small regions but 500 hPa Geopotential Height (dm) for broader regions.
Temperature at 2 m above ground level (AGL). Units in Celsius for Europe, Fahrenheit for North America.
Temperature at 2 m above ground level (AGL) with gridded values. Units in Celsius for Europe, Fahrenheit for North America.
The temperature at which water droplets would begin to condense at 2 m AGL. This varies with pressure and humidity.
The combined effect of wind at 10 m and temperature at 2 m on the human body. Units are quantified as an effective temperature in Celsius for Europe, Fahrenheit for North America.
The depth of water in a column of the atmosphere, if all the water in that column were precipitated as rain. Units in Milimetres for Europe, Inches for North America.
Maximum temperature at 2 m AGL in the 3/6/12 hour period leading to the hour selected. Units in Celsius for Europe, Fahrenheit for North America.
Minimum temperature at 2 m AGL in the 3/6/12 hour period leading to the hour selected. Units in Celsius for Europe, Fahrenheit for North America.
The air temperature at the sea/water surface. Units in Celsius.
The temperature at approximately 1.5 km / 5000 ft above sea level where the atmosphere is typically considered free from the surface. Useful for showing air mass characteristics. Units in Celsius.
The local spin of the atmosphere, related to angular momentum. We have positive(anticlockwise) vorticity, which is usually associated with cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere and negative (clockwise) vorticity, usually associated with anticyclones
in the Northern Hemisphere.
The sustained wind speed at 10m AGL (averaged over 1 minute)
The sustained wind speed at 10m AGL (averaged over 1 minute)
The sustained wind speed at 10m AGL (averaged over 1 minute)
The maximum sustained wind speed at 10m AGL (averaged over 1 hour) that occured during the last hour
The maximum sustained wind speed at 10m AGL (averaged over 1 hour) that occured during the last hour
The maximum sustained wind speed at 10m AGL (averaged over 1 hour) that occured during the last hour
The peak instantaneous wind gust felt at the Earth’s surface.
The peak instantaneous wind gust felt at the Earth’s surface.
The peak instantaneous wind gust felt at the Earth’s surface.
Aggregated wind gusts from T+0. Shows the maximum wind gust expected spatially over time. Useful for gauging wind impact of features such as tropical cyclones and squall lines
Aggregated wind gusts from T+0. Shows the maximum wind gust expected spatially over time. Useful for gauging wind impact of features such as tropical cyclones and squall lines
Aggregated wind gusts from T+0. Shows the maximum wind gust expected spatially over time. Useful for gauging wind impact of features such as tropical cyclones and squall lines
Aggregated mean wind from T+0. Shows the maximum sustained wind expected spatially over time. Useful for gauging wind impact of features such as tropical cyclones and squall lines
Aggregated mean wind from T+0. Shows the maximum sustained wind expected spatially over time. Useful for gauging wind impact of features such as tropical cyclones and squall lines
Aggregated mean wind from T+0. Shows the maximum sustained wind expected spatially over time. Useful for gauging wind impact of features such as tropical cyclones and squall lines
The sustained wind speed at 300 Hpa. Typically around 9 km above sea level, this is where we can monitor the jetstream. The jetstream is a narrow ribbon of fast moving air which can help drive and develop weather systems.
Mean Sea Level Pressure. High pressure is usually associated with fine weather and low pressure is usually associated with unsettled weather.
Approximately 6 km above sea level, the 500 hPa geopotential height is useful for relating the mid-upper atmosphere processes to the surface.
Average precipitation rate for rain and snow.
Instantaneous precipitation rate regardless of precipitation type. Units of dBZ (decibel relative to Z) to give comparison to raw radar output.
For most models this shows the total depth of snow and includes melt and compacting processes. For Arome and Arpege models however, the snow depth charts only show accumulating depth of snow since T+0, and do not include melt or compaction processes.
Stands for ‘Convective Available Potential Energy’. CAPE is a measure of positive buoyancy in the atmosphere and is an indicator of atmospheric instability. Higher CAPE values are associated with thunderstorms and severe weather.
A measure for potential (cyclonic) rotating updrafts, calculated for the lowest 3 km of the atmosphere. Values of 250m**2/s**-2 and greater are considered large and favourable for rotating (supercell) thunderstorms.
The wind difference between 0 – 6 km AGL. Useful for determining if thunderstorms could be supercellular (rotating) or not. Typically 25-40 kt marks the transition from non-supercell to supercell thunderstorms.
A dimensionless index calculated using surface based CAPE, bulk shear and storm relative helicity. The higher the value, the more likely supercell formation given initial convective initiation takes place
Compares the predicted 2 m temperature to what we consider normal (a 30 year average from CFSR 1979-2010 climatology)
Compares the predicted temperature at approximately 1.5 km above sea level to what we consider normal (a 30 year average from CFSR 1979-2010 climatology). Useful for knowing if an air mass is cooler or warmer than normal.
The temperature in the Stratosphere around 30km above the earths surface. Used to monitor the position of the Polar Vortex which can have an influence on winter weather at the earths surface
The mean temperature from all ensemble members at approximately 1.5 km / 5000 ft above sea level - where the atmosphere is typically considered free from the surface. Useful for showing air mass characteristics. Units in Celsius.
Approximately 6 km above sea level, the 500 hPa geopotential height is useful for relating the mid-upper atmosphere processes to the surface.
Mean Sea Level Pressure. High pressure is usually associated with fine weather and low pressure is usually associated with unsettled weather.
Mean Sea Level Pressure. High pressure is usually associated with fine weather and low pressure is usually associated with unsettled weather.
Compares the predicted temperature at approximately 1.5 km above sea level to what we consider normal (a 30 year average from CFSR 1979-2010 climatology). Useful for knowing if an air mass is cooler or warmer than normal.
Shows 850 hPa at certain contour intervals from all ensemble members. The more the lines look like a mess of spaghetti, the more unpredictable the forecast
The tracks of low pressure centres (with colours representing MSLP depth) from each ensemble member. ECMWF tracks only show lows of Tropical origin, whereas GEFS tracks show all low centres with associated winds above 22kts
The tracks of low pressure centres (with colours representing maximum storm mean 10m winds) from each ensemble member. The closer the lines for a given storm, the more predictable the path.
The amount of rain (or water equivalent of melted snow) accumulated from the beginning of the forecast.
The amount of rain (or water equivalent of melted snow) accumulated in a 24 hour period leading to the hour selected.
A virtual Infra Red (IR) satellite image using the model infrared radiation emitted by the cloud tops, land or ocean surfaces.
A virtual Infra Red (IR) satellite image using the model infrared radiation emitted by the cloud tops, land or ocean surfaces.
A combination of the virtual radar and satellite images
The forecast low level / boundary layer clouds. Good to show an indication of possible fog / stratus formation.
Instantaneous precipitation rate regardless of precipitation type. Designed to mimic real-time radar images.
The winds in the Stratosphere around 30km above the earths surface. Used to monitor the position of the Polar Vortex which can have an influence on winter weather at the earths surface. The westerly component at 60N is highlighted - a negative value during winter is a sign of a major stratoshperic warming when combined with a poleward increase of temperature north of 60N
Compares the predicted temperature at approximately 30 km above sea level to what we consider normal (a 30 year average from CFSR 1979-2010 climatology). Useful for highlighting areas of stratospheric warming.
Compares the predicted geopontential height at 500 hPa to what we consider normal (a 30 year average from CFSR 1979-2010 climatology).
Shows 500 hPa geopotential height at certain contour intervals from all ensemble members. The background shading is the mean of all ensemble members. The more the lines look like a mess of spaghetti, the more unpredictable the forecast.
Compares the predicted mean seal level pressure to what we consider normal (a 30 year average from CFSR 1979-2010 climatology). Usefull for showing where high/low centres are unseasonably strong/weak.
Shows MSLP at certain contour intervals from all ensemble members. The background shading is the mean of all ensemble members. The more the lines look like a mess of spaghetti, the more unpredictable the forecast.
Shows high/low centres from all ensemble members. The closer the highs/lows are together the more predictable the forecast.
The probability of winds exceeding 34 kt from all ensemble members. 100% probability means that all members have winds of 34 kt or more at a given location.
The percentage probability at any point of 850 hPa Temperatures greater than 20C based on all ensemble members.
The percentage probability at any point of 850 hPa Temperatures less than minus 5C based on all ensemble members.
The numerical difference between geopotential heights at 500 hPa forecast by ECMWF and GFS. Negative values show where ECMWF forecasts temperatures lower than those forecast by GFS.
The numerical difference between temperatures at 850 hPa forecast by ECMWF and GFS. Positive values show where ECMWF forecasts heights larger than those forecast by GFS.
The percentage probability at any point of 850 hPa Temperatures less than minus 10C based on all ensemble members.
A panel comparing the forecast temperature at approximately 1.5 km / 5000 ft above sea level from each ensemble member, the control, their mean, and the deterministic (GFS).
A panel comparing the forecast 500hPa geopotential height from each ensemble member, the control, their mean, and the deterministic (GFS).
A panel comparing the accumulated precipitation forecast from each ensemble member, the control, their mean, and the deterministic (GFS).
A panel comparing the mean wind forecast from each ensemble member, control, their mean, and the deterministic.
A panel comparing the snow depth forecast from each ensemble member, the control, their mean, and the deterministic (GFS).
A panel comparing the mean seal level pressure forecast from each ensemble member, the control, their mean, and the deterministic (GFS).
The probability (%) of snow falling in the 6 hours leading up to the valid time on the chart.
A panel comparing the forecast temperature at 2 m above ground level from each ensemble member, the control, their mean, and the deterministic (GFS).
A panel comparing the predicted temperature 2 m above ground level to what we consider normal (a 30 year average from CFSR 1979-2010 climatology). This includes each of the ensemble members, the control, their mean, and the deterministic (GFS).